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Yes/No radio buttons inside fieldset element Screen reader compatibility

HTML WCAG
Nov 26, 2024

Expected Result: works in a screen reader

Actual Result: causes problems in 9 screen reader / browser combinations

Do not remove the FIELDSET since this makes the content less usable in most screen readers.

WCAG Technique: H71

Code used for this test:


		<fieldset>
			<legend>I agree to terms and conditions</legend>
			<label><input name='radio_with_legend1' type='radio' checked='checked'>Yes</label>
			<label><input name='radio_with_legend1' type='radio'>No</label>
		</fieldset>
		<fieldset>
			<legend>Sign me up to the newsletter</legend>
			<label><input name='radio_with_legend2' type='radio' checked='checked'>Yes</label>
			<label><input name='radio_with_legend2' type='radio'>No</label>
		</fieldset>

Reliability Trend

This graph shows reliability over time for this code in NVDA, JAWS and Voiceover. Other screen readers don't have enough historical data yet to plot trends.

100%80%60%40%20%0%201591%201691%2017100%2018100%2019100%202093%202193%2022100%2023100%2024100%

Change History

Last updated: November 26, 2024

  • Good NVDA with Chrome Stable - OK from NVDA 2018.4 to NVDA 2024.4
  • Good NVDA with IE Stable - OK from NVDA 2014.1 to NVDA 2019.2
  • Good NVDA with FF Stable - OK from NVDA 2014.1 to NVDA 2024.4
  • Good JAWS with Chrome Stable - OK from JAWS 2018.1811.2 to JAWS 2024.2409.2
  • Good JAWS with IE Stable - OK from JAWS 13.0.852 to JAWS 2019.1912.1
  • Better JAWS with FF Better - caused problems in JAWS 2021.2107.12, but now OK in JAWS 2024.2409.2
  • Better VoiceOver macOS Better - caused problems in VoiceOver macOS 10.10, but now OK in VoiceOver macOS 14.6
  • Better VoiceOver iOS Better - caused problems in VoiceOver iOS 9.1, but now OK in VoiceOver iOS 17.7
  • Better WindowEyes with IE Better - caused problems in WindowEyes 8.4, but now OK in WindowEyes 9.2
  • Bad Dolphin with IE Causes problems in Dolphin SR 15.05
  • Bad SaToGo with IE Causes problems in SaToGo 3.4.96.0
Screen readerBrowserModeNotesWhat the user hears
OK NVDA 2024.4Chrome 131 Reading Grouping, I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping, grouping, sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping.
OK NVDA 2024.4Chrome 131 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two.
OK NVDA 2024.4FF 128 Reading I agree to terms and conditions grouping, I agree to terms and conditions. Clickable radio button checked, yes, clickable radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping, sign me up to the newsletter grouping, sign me up to the newsletter. Clickable radio button checked, yes, clickable radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping.
OK NVDA 2024.4FF 128 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two.
OK NVDA 2024.4Edge 131 Reading Grouping, I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping, grouping, sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping.
OK NVDA 2024.4Edge 131 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two.
OK NVDA 2023.3Chrome 120 Reading Grouping, I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping, grouping, sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping.
OK NVDA 2023.3Chrome 120 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two.
OK NVDA 2023.3FF 115 Reading I agree to terms and conditions grouping, I agree to terms and conditions. Clickable radio button checked, yes, clickable radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping, sign me up to the newsletter grouping, sign me up to the newsletter. Clickable radio button checked, yes, clickable radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping.
OK NVDA 2023.3FF 115 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two.
OK NVDA 2023.3Edge 120 Reading Grouping, I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping, grouping, sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping.
OK NVDA 2023.3Edge 120 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two.
OK NVDA 2022.2Chrome 105 Reading Grouping, I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping, grouping, sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping.
OK NVDA 2022.2Chrome 105 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two.
OK NVDA 2022.2FF 102 Reading Grouping, I agree to terms and conditions. Clickable radio button checked, yes, clickable radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping, grouping, sign me up to the newsletter. Clickable radio button checked, yes, clickable radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping.
OK NVDA 2022.2FF 102 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two.
OK NVDA 2022.2Edge 105 Reading Grouping, I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping, grouping, sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping.
OK NVDA 2022.2Edge 105 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two.
OK NVDA 2021.2Chrome 94 Reading Grouping, I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping, grouping, sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping.
OK NVDA 2021.2Chrome 94 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two.
OK NVDA 2021.2FF 91 Reading Grouping, I agree to terms and conditions. Clickable radio button checked, yes, clickable radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping, grouping, sign me up to the newsletter. Clickable radio button checked, yes, clickable radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping.
OK NVDA 2021.2FF 91 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two.
OK NVDA 2021.2Edge 94 Reading Grouping, I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping, grouping, sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no.
OK NVDA 2021.2Edge 94 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two.
OK NVDA 2020.2Chrome 86 Reading Grouping, I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping, grouping, sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping.
OK NVDA 2020.2Chrome 86 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two.
OK NVDA 2020.2FF 78 Reading Grouping, I agree to terms and conditions. Clickable radio button checked, yes, clickable radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping, grouping, sign me up to the newsletter. Clickable radio button checked, yes, clickable radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping.
OK NVDA 2020.2FF 78 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two.
OK NVDA 2020.2Edge 92 Reading Grouping, I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Out of grouping, grouping, sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no.
OK NVDA 2020.2Edge 92 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two.
OK NVDA 2019.2Chrome 79 Reading I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no.
OK NVDA 2019.2Chrome 79 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two.
OK NVDA 2019.2FF 68 Reading I agree to terms and conditions. Clickable radio button checked, yes, clickable radio button not checked, no. Sign me up to the newsletter. Clickable radio button checked, yes, clickable radio button not checked, no.
OK NVDA 2019.2FF 68 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two.
OK NVDA 2019.2IE11 Reading I agree to terms and conditions, radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Sign me up to the newsletter, radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no.
OK NVDA 2019.2IE11 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked.
OK NVDA 2018.4Chrome 73 Reading I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no.
OK NVDA 2018.4Chrome 73 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two.
OK NVDA 2018.4FF 60 Reading I agree to terms and conditions. Clickable radio button checked, yes, clickable radio button not checked, no. Sign me up to the newsletter. Clickable radio button checked, yes, clickable radio button not checked, no.
OK NVDA 2018.4FF 60 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two.
OK NVDA 2018.4IE11 Reading I agree to terms and conditions, radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Sign me up to the newsletter, radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no.
OK NVDA 2018.4IE11 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked.
OK NVDA 2017.3FF 60 Reading I agree to terms and conditions. Clickable radio button checked, yes, clickable radio button not checked, no. Sign me up to the newsletter. Clickable radio button checked, yes, clickable radio button not checked, no.
OK NVDA 2017.3FF 60 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two.
OK NVDA 2017.3IE11 Reading I agree to terms and conditions, radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Sign me up to the newsletter, radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no.
OK NVDA 2017.3IE11 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked.
OK NVDA 2016.2FF 48 Reading I agree to terms and conditions. Clickable radio button checked, yes, clickable radio button not checked, no. Sign me up to the newsletter. Clickable radio button checked, yes, clickable radio button not checked, no.
OK NVDA 2016.2FF 48 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two.
OK NVDA 2016.2IE11 Reading I agree to terms and conditions, radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Sign me up to the newsletter, radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no.
OK NVDA 2016.2IE11 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked.
OK NVDA 2015.2FF 40 Reading I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no.
OK NVDA 2015.2FF 40 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked, one of two.
OK NVDA 2015.2IE11 Reading I agree to terms and conditions, radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no. Sign me up to the newsletter, radio button checked, yes, radio button not checked, no.
OK NVDA 2015.2IE11 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping, yes radio button checked. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping, yes radio button checked.
OK NVDA 2014.1FF 28 Reading I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes. Radio button not checked, no. Sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes. Radio button not checked, no.
OK NVDA 2014.1FF 28 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping. Yes radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping. Yes radio button checked, one of two.
OK NVDA 2014.1IE11 Reading I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes. Radio button not checked, no. Sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes. Radio button not checked, no.
OK NVDA 2014.1IE11 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions grouping. Yes radio button checked. Sign me up to the newsletter grouping. Yes radio button checked.
OK JAWS 2024.2409.2Chrome 131 Reading Group start, I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end, I agree to terms and conditions. Group start, sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end, sign me up to the newsletter.
OK JAWS 2024.2409.2Chrome 131 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions group, yes, radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter group, yes, radio button checked, one of two.
OK JAWS 2024.2409.2FF 128 Reading Group start. I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end. Group start. Sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end.
OK JAWS 2024.2409.2FF 128 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions group, yes, radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter group, yes, radio button checked, one of two.
OK JAWS 2024.2409.2Edge 131 Reading Group start, I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end, I agree to terms and conditions. Group start, sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end, sign me up to the newsletter.
OK JAWS 2024.2409.2Edge 131 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions group, yes, radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter group, yes, radio button checked, one of two.
OK JAWS 2023.2311.34Chrome 120 Reading Group start, I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked. No, radio button not checked. Group end, I agree to terms and conditions. Group start, sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button checked. No, radio button not checked. Group end, sign me up to the newsletter.
OK JAWS 2023.2311.34Chrome 120 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions group, yes, radio button checked. Sign me up to the newsletter group, yes, radio button checked.
OK JAWS 2023.2311.34FF 115 Reading Group start, I agree to terms and conditions. I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end, I agree to terms and conditions. Group start, sign me up to the newsletter. Sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end, sign me up to the newsletter.
OK JAWS 2023.2311.34FF 115 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions group, yes, radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter group, yes, radio button checked, one of two.
OK JAWS 2023.2311.34Edge 120 Reading Group start, I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked. No, radio button not checked. Group end, I agree to terms and conditions. Group start, sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button checked. No, radio button not checked. Group end, sign me up to the newsletter.
OK JAWS 2023.2311.34Edge 120 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions group, yes, radio button checked. Sign me up to the newsletter group, yes, radio button checked.
OK JAWS 2022.2207.25Chrome 105 Reading Group start, I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end. Group start, sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end.
OK JAWS 2022.2207.25Chrome 105 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions group, yes, radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter group, yes, radio button checked, one of two.
OK JAWS 2022.2207.25FF 102 Reading Group start, I agree to terms and conditions. I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end. Group start, sign me up to the newsletter. Sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end.
OK JAWS 2022.2207.25FF 102 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions group, yes, radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter group, yes, radio button checked, one of two.
OK JAWS 2022.2207.25Edge 105 Reading Group start, I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end. Group start, sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end.
OK JAWS 2022.2207.25Edge 105 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions group, yes, radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter group, yes, radio button checked, one of two.
OK JAWS 2021.2107.12Chrome 94 Reading Group start, I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end. Group start, sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end.
OK JAWS 2021.2107.12Chrome 94 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions group, yes, radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter group, yes, radio button checked, one of two.
OK JAWS 2021.2107.12FF 91 Reading Group start, I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end. Group start, sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end.
Fail JAWS 2021.2107.12FF 91 Tabbing Each radio button is voiced twice I agree to terms and conditions, yes, radio button checked, yes, radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter, yes, radio button checked, yes, radio button checked, one of two.
OK JAWS 2021.2107.12Edge 94 Reading Group start, I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end. Group start, sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end.
OK JAWS 2021.2107.12Edge 94 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions group, yes, radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter group, yes, radio button checked, one of two.
OK JAWS 2020.2008.24Chrome 86 Reading Group start, I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end. Group start, sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end.
OK JAWS 2020.2008.24Chrome 86 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions group, yes, radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter group, yes, radio button checked, one of two.
OK JAWS 2020.2008.24FF 78 Reading Group start, I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end. Group start, sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end.
Fail JAWS 2020.2008.24FF 78 Tabbing Each radio button is voiced twice I agree to terms and conditions group, yes, radio button checked, yes, radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter group, yes, radio button checked, yes, radio button checked, one of two.
OK JAWS 2020.2008.24Edge 92 Reading Group start, I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end. Group start, sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end.
OK JAWS 2020.2008.24Edge 92 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions group, yes, radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter group, yes, radio button checked, one of two.
OK JAWS 2019.1912.1Chrome 79 Reading Group start, I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end. Group start, sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end.
OK JAWS 2019.1912.1Chrome 79 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions, yes, radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter, yes, radio button checked, one of two.
OK JAWS 2019.1912.1FF 68 Reading Group start, I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end. Group start, sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end.
OK JAWS 2019.1912.1FF 68 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions, yes, radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter, yes, radio button checked, one of two.
OK JAWS 2019.1912.1IE11 Reading Group start, I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked. No, radio button not checked. Group end. Group start, sign me up to the newsletter. Yes radio button, checked. No radio button, not checked. Group end.
OK JAWS 2019.1912.1IE11 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions, yes, radio button checked. Sign me up to the newsletter, yes, radio button checked.
OK JAWS 2018.1811.2Chrome 73 Reading Group start, I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end. Group start, sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end.
OK JAWS 2018.1811.2Chrome 73 Tabbing Tab, I agree to terms and conditions, yes, radio button checked, one of two. Tab, sign me up to the newsletter, yes, radio button checked, one of two.
OK JAWS 2018.1811.2FF 60 Reading Group start, I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end. Group start, sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. No, radio button not checked, two of two. Group end.
OK JAWS 2018.1811.2FF 60 Tabbing Tab, I agree to terms and conditions, yes, radio button checked, one of two. Tab, sign me up to the newsletter, yes, radio button checked, one of two.
OK JAWS 2018.1811.2IE11 Reading Group start, I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked. No, radio button not checked. Group end. Group start, sign me up to the newsletter. Yes radio button, checked. No radio button, not checked. Group end.
OK JAWS 2018.1811.2IE11 Tabbing Tab, I agree to terms and conditions, yes, radio button checked. Tab, sign me up to the newsletter, yes, radio button checked.
OK JAWS 18.0.5038FF 52 Reading I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes, one of two. Radio button not checked, no, two of two. Sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes, one of two. Radio button not checked, no, two of two.
OK JAWS 18.0.5038FF 52 Tabbing Tab, I agree to terms and conditions, yes, radio button checked, one of two. Tab, sign me up to the newsletter, yes, radio button checked, one of two.
OK JAWS 18.0.5038IE11 Reading I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes. Radio button not checked, no. Sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes. Radio button not checked, no.
OK JAWS 18.0.5038IE11 Tabbing Tab, I agree to terms and conditions, yes, radio button checked. Tab, sign me up to the newsletter, yes, radio button checked.
OK JAWS 17.0.2619FF 48 Reading I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes, one of two. Radio button not checked, no, two of two. Sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes, one of two. Radio button not checked, no, two of two.
OK JAWS 17.0.2619FF 48 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions, yes, radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter, yes, radio button checked, one of two.
OK JAWS 17.0.2619IE11 Reading I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes. Radio button not checked, no. Sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes. Radio button not checked, no.
OK JAWS 17.0.2619IE11 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions, yes, radio button checked. Sign me up to the newsletter, yes, radio button checked.
OK JAWS 16.0.4350FF 40 Reading I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes, one of two. Radio button not checked, no, two of two. Sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes, one of two. Radio button not checked, no, two of two.
OK JAWS 16.0.4350FF 40 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions, yes, radio button checked, one of two, alt plus F. Sign me up to the newsletter, yes, radio button checked, one of two, alt plus F.
OK JAWS 16.0.4350IE11 Reading I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes. Yes. Radio button not checked, no. No. Sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes. Yes. Radio button not checked, no. No.
OK JAWS 16.0.4350IE11 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions, yes, radio button checked. Sign me up to the newsletter, yes, radio button checked.
OK JAWS 15.0.9023FF 29 Reading I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes. Radio button not checked, no, two of two. Sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes. Radio button not checked, no, two of two.
OK JAWS 15.0.9023FF 29 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions, yes, radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter, yes, radio button checked, one of two.
OK JAWS 15.0.9023IE11 Reading I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes. Yes. Radio button not checked, no. No. Sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes. Yes. Radio button not checked, no. No.
OK JAWS 15.0.9023IE11 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions, yes, radio button checked. Sign me up to the newsletter, yes, radio button checked.
OK JAWS 14.0.9002FF 29 Reading I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes. Radio button not checked, no, two of two. Sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes. Radio button not checked, no, two of two.
OK JAWS 14.0.9002FF 29 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions, yes, radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter, yes, radio button checked, one of two.
OK JAWS 14.0.9002IE11 Reading I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes. Yes. Radio button not checked, no. No. Sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes. Yes. Radio button not checked, no. No.
OK JAWS 14.0.9002IE11 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions, yes, radio button checked. Sign me up to the newsletter, yes, radio button checked.
OK JAWS 13.0.852FF 29 Reading I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes, one of two. Radio button not checked, no, two of two. Sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes, one of two. Radio button not checked, no, two of two.
OK JAWS 13.0.852FF 29 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked, one of two. Sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button checked, one of two.
OK JAWS 13.0.852IE11 Reading I agree to terms and conditions. Radio button checked, yes. Radio button not checked, no. Sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button checked, yes. Radio button not checked, no.
OK JAWS 13.0.852IE11 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked. Sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button checked.
OK WindowEyes 9.2IE11 Reading I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button checked. Yes. No, radio button unchecked. No. Sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button checked. Yes. No, radio button unchecked. No.
OK WindowEyes 9.2IE11 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button, checked. Sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button, checked.
Fail WindowEyes 8.4IE11 Reading Legend not read, no indication what buttons are in reading mode. Radio button checked, yes. Radio button unchecked, no
OK WindowEyes 8.4IE11 Tabbing I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, checked, radio button. Sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, checked, radio button.
OK VoiceOver macOS 14.6Safari 17.6 Reading I agree to terms and conditions, group. I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, selected radio button, one of two. Yes. No, radio button, two of two. No. End of, I agree to terms and conditions, group. Sign me up to the newsletter, group. Sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, selected radio button, one of two. Yes. No, radio button, two of two. No. End of, sign me up to the newsletter, group.
OK VoiceOver macOS 14.6Safari 17.6 Tabbing Yes, selected radio button, one of two, I agree to terms and conditions, I agree to terms and conditions group. Yes, selected radio button, one of two, sign me up to the newsletter, sign me up to the newsletter group.
OK VoiceOver macOS 13.6Safari 16.6 Reading I agree to terms and conditions, group. I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, selected radio button, one of two. Yes. No, radio button, two of two. No. End of, I agree to terms and conditions, group. Sign me up to the newsletter, group. Sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, selected radio button, one of two. Yes. No, radio button, two of two. No. End of, sign me up to the newsletter, group.
OK VoiceOver macOS 13.6Safari 16.6 Tabbing Yes, selected radio button, one of two, I agree to terms and conditions, I agree to terms and conditions group. Yes, selected radio button, one of two, sign me up to the newsletter, sign me up to the newsletter group.
OK VoiceOver macOS 12.5Safari 15.6 Reading I agree to terms and conditions, group. I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, selected radio button, one of two. Yes. No, radio button, two of two. No. End of, I agree to terms and conditions, group. Sign me up to the newsletter, group. Sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, selected radio button, one of two. Yes. No, radio button, two of two. No. End of, sign me up to the newsletter, group.
OK VoiceOver macOS 12.5Safari 15.6 Tabbing Yes, selected radio button, one of two, I agree to terms and conditions, I agree to terms and conditions group. Yes, selected radio button, one of two, sign me up to the newsletter, sign me up to the newsletter group.
OK VoiceOver macOS 11.5Safari 15.0 Reading I agree to terms and conditions, group. I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, selected radio button, one of two. Yes. No, radio button, two of two. No. End of, I agree to terms and conditions, group. Sign me up to the newsletter, group. Sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, selected radio button, one of two. Yes. No, radio button, two of two. No. End of, sign me up to the newsletter, group.
OK VoiceOver macOS 11.5Safari 15.0 Tabbing Yes, selected radio button, one of two, I agree to terms and conditions, I agree to terms and conditions group. Yes, selected radio button, one of two, sign me up to the newsletter, sign me up to the newsletter group.
OK VoiceOver macOS 10.15Safari 14.1 Reading I agree to terms and conditions, group. I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, selected radio button, one of two. Yes. No, radio button, two of two. No. End of, I agree to terms and conditions, group. Sign me up to the newsletter, group. Sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, selected radio button, one of two. Yes. No, radio button, two of two. No. End of, sign me up to the newsletter, group.
OK VoiceOver macOS 10.15Safari 14.1 Tabbing Yes, selected radio button, one of two, I agree to terms and conditions, I agree to terms and conditions group. Yes, selected radio button, one of two, sign me up to the newsletter, sign me up to the newsletter group.
OK VoiceOver macOS 10.14Safari 13.0 Reading I agree to terms and conditions, group. I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, selected radio button, one of two. Yes. No, radio button, two of two. No. End of, I agree to terms and conditions, group. Sign me up to the newsletter, group. Sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, selected radio button, one of two. Yes. No, radio button, two of two. No. End of, sign me up to the newsletter, group.
OK VoiceOver macOS 10.14Safari 13.0 Tabbing Yes, selected radio button, one of two, I agree to terms and conditions, I agree to terms and conditions group. Yes, selected radio button, one of two, sign me up to the newsletter, sign me up to the newsletter group.
OK VoiceOver macOS 10.13Safari 12.1 Reading I agree to terms and conditions, group. I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, selected radio button, one of two. Yes. No, radio button, two of two. No. End of, I agree to terms and conditions, group. Sign me up to the newsletter, group. Sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, selected radio button, one of two. Yes. No, radio button, two of two. No. End of, sign me up to the newsletter, group.
OK VoiceOver macOS 10.13Safari 12.1 Tabbing Yes, selected radio button, one of two, I agree to terms and conditions, I agree to terms and conditions group. Yes, selected radio button, one of two, sign me up to the newsletter, sign me up to the newsletter group.
OK VoiceOver macOS 10.12Safari 10.1.2 Reading I agree to terms and conditions, group, with 2 items. 2 items in I agree to terms and conditions, group, with 2 items, 5 items, I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, selected radio button, one of two. Yes. No, radio button, two of two. No. Sign me up to the newsletter, group, with 2 items. 2 items in sign me up to the newsletter, group, with 2 items, 5 items, sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, selected radio button, one of two. Yes. No, radio button, two of two. No.
OK VoiceOver macOS 10.12Safari 10.1.2 Tabbing Yes, selected radio button, one of two, I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, selected radio button, one of two, sign me up to the newsletter.
OK VoiceOver macOS 10.11Safari 9.1.2 Reading I agree to the terms and conditions, with 2 items, group. 2 items, interact with I agree to the terms and conditions with 2 items, group, five items, I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, selected radio button, one of two. Yes. No, radio button, two of two. No. Sign me up for the newsletter, with 2 items, group. 2 items, interact with sign me up for the newsletter with 2 items, group, five items, sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, selected radio button, one of two. Yes. No, radio button, two of two. No.
OK VoiceOver macOS 10.11Safari 9.1.2 Tabbing Yes, selected radio button, one of two, I agree to the terms and conditions. Yes, selected radio button, one of two, sign me up to the newsletter.
OK VoiceOver macOS 10.10Safari 8.0.6 Reading Operating radio buttons in fieldsets is much more complex in 10.10 I agree to the terms and conditions, group. One item, interact with I agree to the terms and conditions, group, four items, yes, selected radio button, one of two. Yes. No, radio button, two of two. No. Sign me up for the newsletter, group. One item, interact with sign me up for the newsletter, group, four items, yes, selected radio button, one of two. Yes. No, radio button, two of two. No.
Fail VoiceOver macOS 10.10Safari 8.0.6 Tabbing Legend not read - no indication of what Yes/No choices are for Yes, selected radio button, one of two. Yes, selected radio button, one of two.
OK VoiceOver macOS 10.9Safari 7.0.3 Reading I agree to the terms and conditions. Yes, I agree to the terms and conditions, selected radio button, one of two. No, I agree to the terms and conditions, radio button, two of two. Sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, sign me up to the newsletter, selected radio button, one of two. No, sign me up to the newsletter, radio button, two of two.
Fail VoiceOver macOS 10.9Safari 7.0.3 Tabbing Legend not read - no indication of what Yes/No choices are for Yes, selected radio button, one of two. Yes, selected radio button, one of two.
OK VoiceOver iOS 17.7Safari iOS 17.7Touch I agree to terms and conditions, form start. Yes, radio button, ticked, one of two. No, radio button, unticked, two of two. Sign me up to the newsletter, form start. Yes, radio button, ticked, one of two. No, radio button, unticked, two of two.
OK VoiceOver iOS 16.6Safari iOS 16.6Touch I agree to terms and conditions, form start. Yes, radio button, ticked, one of two. No, radio button, unticked, two of two. Sign me up to the newsletter, form start. Yes, radio button, ticked, one of two. No, radio button, unticked, two of two.
OK VoiceOver iOS 15.6Safari iOS 15.6Touch I agree to terms and conditions, form start. Yes, radio button, ticked, one of two. No, radio button, unticked, two of two. Sign me up to the newsletter, form start. Yes, radio button, ticked, one of two. No, radio button, unticked, two of two.
OK VoiceOver iOS 14.7Safari iOS 14.7Touch I agree to terms and conditions, form start. Yes, radio button, ticked, one of two. No, radio button, unticked, two of two. Sign me up to the newsletter, form start. Yes, radio button, ticked, one of two. No, radio button, unticked, two of two.
OK VoiceOver iOS 13.3Safari iOS 13.3Touch I agree to terms and conditions, form start. Yes, radio button, ticked, one of two. No, radio button, unticked, two of two. Sign me up to the newsletter, form start. Yes, radio button, ticked, one of two. No, radio button, unticked, two of two.
OK VoiceOver iOS 12.4Safari iOS 12.4Touch I agree to terms and conditions, form start. Yes, radio button, ticked, one of two. No, radio button, unticked, two of two. Sign me up to the newsletter, form start. Yes, radio button, ticked, one of two. No, radio button, unticked, two of two.
OK VoiceOver iOS 11.4Safari iOS 11.4Touch I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button, ticked, one of two. No, radio button, unticked, two of two. Sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button, ticked, one of two. No, radio button, unticked, two of two.
OK VoiceOver iOS 10.3Safari iOS 10.3Touch I agree to terms and conditions. Yes, radio button, ticked, one of one. No, radio button, unticked, two of two. Sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button, ticked, one of one. No, radio button, unticked, two of two.
Fail VoiceOver iOS 9.1Safari iOS 9.1TouchNo indication that each Yes/No is a pair of choices - all radio buttons announced as one of one. I agree to the terms and conditions. Yes, radio button ticked, one of one. No, radio button unticked, one of one. Sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button ticked, one of one. No, radio button unticked, one of one.
Fail VoiceOver iOS 8.4Safari iOS 8.4TouchLegend not read - no indication of what Yes/No choices are for, and no indication that each Yes/No is a pair of choices. Yes, radio button ticked, one of one. No, radio button unticked, one of one. Yes, radio button ticked, one of one. No, radio button unticked, one of one.
OK VoiceOver iOS 7.1Safari iOS 7.1Touch I agree to the terms and conditions. Yes, radio button ticked, one of two. No, radio button unticked, two of two. Sign me up to the newsletter. Yes, radio button ticked, one of two. No, radio button unticked, two of two.
OK Dolphin SR 15.05IE11 Reading I agree to the terms and conditions. Checked radio, yes. Yes. Unchecked radio, no. No. Sign me up to the newsletter. Checked radio, yes. Yes. Unchecked radio, no. No.
Fail Dolphin SR 15.05IE11 Tabbing Fieldset legend ignored, impossible to tell what the two Yes/No radio buttons are for. Checked radio, yes. Unchecked radio, no. Checked radio, yes. Unchecked radio, no.
OK SaToGo 3.4.96.0IE11 Reading I agree to the terms and conditions. Radio button selected, Yes. Radio button unselected, No. Sign me up to the newsletter. Radio button selected, Yes. Radio button unselected, No.
Fail SaToGo 3.4.96.0IE11 Tabbing Fieldset legend ignored, impossible to tell what the two Yes/No radio buttons are for. Yes, radio button selected. No, radio button unselected. Yes, radio button selected. No, radio button unselected.

Test notes

All tests were carried out with screen reader factory settings. JAWS in particular has a wide variety of settings controlling exactly what gets spoken.

Screen readers allow users to interact in different modes, and can produce very different results in each mode. The modes used in these tests are:

  • Reading Content read using the “read next” command in a screen reader
  • Tabbing Content read using the “tab” key in a screen reader
  • Heading Content read using the “next heading” key in a screen reader
  • Touch Content read when touching an area of screen on a mobile device

In the “What the user hears” column:

  • Commas represent short pauses in screen reader voicing
  • Full Stops represent places where voicing stops, and the “read next” or “tab” or “next heading” command is pressed again
  • Ellipsis … represent a long pause in voicing
  • (Brackets) represent voicing that requires a keystroke to hear